Quark matter inside neutron stars may be confirmed

 In the past 40 years, confirming the existence of quark nuclei in neutron stars has been one of the most important goals of neutron star physics. Finnish scientists wrote in the latest issue of "Nature Physics" magazine that they have found strong evidence that there is strange quark matter in the core of the largest neutron star to date. This conclusion may be.


　　 The researchers explained that all ordinary matter around us is composed of atoms, and the dense atomic nucleus is composed of protons, neutrons and the surrounding electrons. But inside a neutron star, atoms will collapse into extremely dense nuclear matter, in which neutrons and protons "snuggle" closely together, so the entire neutron star can be regarded as a huge nucleus. Previously, scientists had not been clear whether the matter in the core of the most massive neutron star would collapse into more exotic quark matter.


　　 The latest research found that the material in the nucleus of the largest stable mass neutron star is much more similar to quark material than to ordinary nuclear material. The calculation results show that the diameter of the nucleus confirmed as quark material may exceed half the diameter of the entire neutron star.


　　 The researchers said that the key to this new discovery lies in two important recent achievements in astrophysics research: the determination of gravitational waves generated by neutron star mergers, and the detection of large neutron stars with a mass close to twice the mass of the sun.


　　 In the autumn of 2017, the American LIGO and European Virgo Observatory detected for the first time the gravitational waves generated by the merger of two neutron stars, and deduced that the upper limit of the radius of the colliding neutron star is about 13 kilometers. In addition, in the past 10 years, scientists have observed that the masses of three neutron stars have reached or even slightly exceeded the mass of the sun. Information about the radius and mass of neutron stars greatly reduces the uncertainty associated with the thermodynamic properties of neutron star matter.


　　 In the new analysis, scientists combined the above research results to accurately predict the state equation of neutron star matter (the relationship between neutron star matter pressure and energy density), and confirm the presence of quark matter inside the neutron star.


　　 Helsinki University Associate Professor Alexi Volinn said that there are still many uncertainties in the exact structure of neutron stars. Since the fall of 2017, scientists have observed many new neutron star merger events, and it is expected that there will be further observations in the near future to confirm or falsify this research.


　　 chief editor circle(hermes outlet)


　　 In large-scale simulations running on supercomputers, it is impossible to even determine the internal nuclear matter of neutron stars. However, the emergence of two neutron star observations in astrophysics in recent years has brought new possibilities. The confirmation of the quark nucleus allows us to see the golden age of gravitational waves ahead. However, whenever such a project appears, there is always a basic question: Why do we spend manpower and material resources to do these "elementary" research? The only possible reason is this sentence-it is an important step for us to truly understand the universe.

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