What to do to eliminate potential safety hazards of energy storage

 Potential factors for the "short-lived" of lithium-ion batteries have been discovered. With the help of new electrode materials and interface design, the performance of electrodes can be improved, and the use of nanosystem engineering concepts can improve the lithium storage performance of materials... Recently, regarding energy storage batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries More and more research.


　　 Although the research methods and paths may be different, the research results have a common propaganda point, that is, high safety.


　　 Energy storage safety is a topic that cannot be avoided in the development of energy storage. At present, energy storage safety issues mainly come from electrochemical energy storage, and battery packs (stacks) are one of its biggest safety hazards.


According to the "2020 Energy Storage Industry Application Research Report" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report"), in 2019 alone, China's energy storage projects added a total of 1228.4 MW of newly installed capacity, of which 678.4 MW of electrochemical energy storage projects accounted for First, it is as high as 54.5%.


　　 As of the end of 2019, the installed capacity of lithium-ion batteries accounted for 82.4% of the installed capacity of electrochemical energy storage.


　　 However, energy storage safety issues are not only caused by batteries. "China Science Daily" learned in an interview that energy storage safety is a systemic problem, and a problem in a certain link may cause a fire.


　　 Thinking after the fire accident


　　 Since the accident of 23 energy storage power stations in South Korea occurred in August 2017, energy storage safety issues have been plagued the industry. "Report" believes that this is related to the mainstream products of ternary lithium batteries by major Korean companies.


According to Jiang Weiliang, a professor-level senior engineer of the Energy Storage Application Branch of the China Chemical and Physical Power Supply Association, the current major energy storage companies in the world are mainly traditional battery companies, and the technology types are basically based on two major factions, namely, the Japanese and Korean ternary lithium battery system and the Sino-US phosphoric acid Lithium iron battery system.


　　 But it does not mean that lithium iron phosphate batteries are absolutely safe. In early August 2018, a lithium iron phosphate battery container caught fire and burned in an energy storage project in Jiangsu, my country, but the cause of the fire has not yet been announced.


　　 According to Duan Qiangling, associate professor of the State Key Laboratory of Fire Science at the University of Science and Technology of China, during the use of lithium batteries, lithium ions are inserted and pulled out to release energy.


　　If used improperly, such as overcharge, high temperature, collision, etc., it may induce thermochemical reactions inside the battery, resulting in thermal runaway.


　　 "If thermal runaway occurs in the battery module, it will cause a system fire accident."


　　 It is worth noting that thermal runaway will produce toxic and combustible gases, and fire fighting with lithium-ion batteries is more difficult and brings challenges to firefighting.


　　In recent years, the application of electrochemical energy storage technology has accelerated, and product commissioning cycles have become shorter and shorter. Under the circumstances that the safety standard system is not yet complete and the regulatory mechanism has not been established, energy storage safety accidents in various countries have occurred from time to time.


　　 "These key issues must be addressed squarely."


　　 Jiang Weiliang believes that the energy storage system must use its own protection measures to deal with the abnormal conditions of the energy storage power station in a timely manner to minimize the safety risk of the energy storage system.


　　The battery itself becomes the core of safety


　　 In response to fire accidents in energy storage power stations, South Korea established an expert investigation team to summarize the causes as defects in battery systems, imperfect protection systems for electrical failures, inadequate management of the operating environment, and lack of an integrated management system for energy storage systems.


　　 Among them(2021 hermes), the battery system defect may be one of the main factors causing the fire.


　　 Drawing on the classification of safety incentives in the Korean energy storage accident investigation report, Cao Wenjiong and others from the Guangzhou Institute of Energy Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences divided the causes of energy storage safety accidents into four categories: battery body, external stimulus, operating environment and management system.


　　 The battery itself is still the core of energy storage safety. The sources of safety accidents mainly include defects in the battery manufacturing process and the degradation of energy storage system safety caused by battery aging.


　　Cao Wenjiong and others wrote an article explaining that under the influence of unconventional operating environment and management system factors, the internal aging process of the battery is more complicated and changeable, and it has gradually evolved into a safety problem.


In view of the long-period evolution characteristics of the battery body factors, research how to use the internal aging mechanism of the battery, the evolution of inconsistencies between batteries and the corresponding external parameter changes to realize the prediction and early warning of the safety evolution trend of the energy storage system, and become the current lithium battery energy storage The focus of safety management.


　　 "Due to the limitation of the monitoring and control reliability of the management system at this stage, the battery state of charge (SOC) range for the charging and discharging of the battery body must be appropriately tightened."


Cao Wenjiong said, “Generally speaking, when a lithium battery is operating in the SOC range of 20% to 80%, the internal resistance of charging and discharging is small, and the heat generation is correspondingly small, and it is not easy to cause overcharge and overdischarge of the battery when working in this range. Conducive to avoiding the resulting risks."


　　 Combination of risk prevention and control and disposal


　　 However, energy storage safety is a system problem, and all safety problems cannot be attributed to the battery. Accidents are often caused by the interaction of multiple factors.


In Jiang Weiliang’s view, the core of energy storage safety technical issues is divided into safety risks and safe disposal. The former includes electrical safety risks, mechanical safety risks, chemical safety risks, fire safety risks, explosion safety risks, etc. of energy storage systems and components. Dimension.


　　 "Risk analysis and risk assessment are the core content of cognitive risk." Jiang Weiliang said that the power storage system standards that have been released or are being developed first discuss risk analysis and risk assessment.


　　 The next step is safety disposal, including parameter quantitative access restriction setting, product protection design, fire protection design, perception early warning, emergency treatment, operation and maintenance, etc.


Li Zhanjun, director of the market support department of Pinggao Group Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., introduced the fire protection design of Jiangsu Kunshan Energy Storage Power Station as an example. They cooperated with the State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company to configure an automatic fire extinguishing system and fire fire for the first time in a prefab cabin with lithium iron phosphate batteries. Alarm and linkage control system. The automatic fire extinguishing system innovatively integrates the heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing system and the high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system. It has 4 control modes, including automatic control and remote manual control, which maximizes the utility of the system. The operating safety factor is mentioned as the highest.


It is reported that the Kunshan Energy Storage Power Station is the grid-side electrochemical energy storage power station with the largest single capacity in the world. The construction scale is 110.88 MW/193.6 MWh, covers a total area of ​​31.4 acres, and is equipped with 88 sets of prefabricated cabin energy storage batteries. , The battery adopts lithium iron phosphate battery solution.


　　 During the recent grid connection test of the energy storage project, Pinggao Group found that the domestic grid connection standards are quite different, which has brought resistance to work.


　　 Therefore, Li Zhanjun(replica hermes birkin) suggested that while accelerating the implementation of energy storage technology standards, my country should also strengthen the construction of energy storage standardization, especially grid debugging, product testing, fire safety, operation and maintenance management, etc., to help the energy storage industry to develop safely and steadily.

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